Angiosurgeons argue that varicose veins are such a pathological process, as a result of which the venous wall varies with the later lack of valves.
Reason
The exact causes of varicose veins are still unknown.Based on epidemiological studies, it was found that a genetic predisposition affects the pathological process.
Predisposing factors are also known, from which varicose veins can appear:
- violation of hormonal background (menopause, estrogen intake);
- overweight;
- pregnancy;
- long static loads;
- wearing narrow linen;
- constipation;
- surgical intervention (arteriovenous bypass);
- Defective defects or obstruction of deep veins.
How does it look like?
Since varicose veins is a modification of veins, the pathology is ranked not only in vascular diseases but also for cosmetic problems:
- Patients first notice the appearance of a venous pattern in the legs or the appearance of mesh veins.
- Later, the veins become compelling, raise the skin.
- In the farthest stages, varicose joints are clearly visible, representing the confusion and expansion of venous vessels.
Violation of tissue trophism leads to a change in skin pigmentation.
Stages (Scale)
There are several stages, or degrees, varicose veins.With varicose veins of 1 degree in patients, so -called severe leg syndrome is diagnosed.Patients often complain of cramps in the beef muscles and swelling, which disappear after rest.
With varicose veins of the 2nd degree, constant edema occurs, damaged skin pigmentation, stagnant dermatitis.In advanced cases, trophic ulcers appear in the 3rd degree of the disease.
The value of prevention
Knowing the predisposing factors of the occurrence of the disease, attention should be paid to the prevention of varicose veins:
- wearing comfortable and underwear shoes;
- minimization of work associated with static loads and prolonged standing;
- Physical education class;
- Reception of vitamins: C, E, PP;
- Correction of power.
If there is no way to change the work that is the cause of the occurrence of the disease, it is recommended to do discharge gymnastics and evening drainage massage.Wearing elastic bandages and a contrast shower will help avoid the disease.
Signs
The symptoms of varicose veins are varied.Clinical photography depends on the course of the disease and the localization of the varicoseization process.
Varicose
The initial signs of varicose veins are:
- severity in the leg;
- Stress on the foot;
- fatigue when walking;
- Passage to the ankle joint (often in the evening);
- convulsions;
- Pain during the flow of enlarged veins.
In women, symptoms are growing before menstruation.After rest, the unpleasant sensations in the leg disappear.
Lymph deficiency in varicose veins leads to the development of cellulite, dermatosclerosis, trophic ulcers and erysipelas.With severe violations of venous outlet, patients complain of itching and dry skin in the affected vein area.
Gradually, at the site of tissue trophism violation, the skin is thinner and atrophic.Hyper- or hypopigmentation develops.With the progress of the pathological process, cyanotic spots and trophic ulcers appear.
In a pronounced process, patients have complaints about:
- increased fatigue;
- heartbeat;
- shortness of breath.
These signs are associated with increased load on the heart muscle with respect to the blood deposit in the venous line.
The reticular varicose veins of the lower extremities
A special manifestation of varicose veins is the varicose vein.Clinical manifestations of pathology:
- increased local temperature in the ankle joint;
- fatigue and exacerbation of the feet;
- Dense subcutaneous tissue.
Varicose veins of the esophagus
With a varicose expansion of the esophagus veins, a belief and bags of blood vessels appear.The main cause of the development of the disease is portal hypertension.
The disease is manifested by the following signs:
- inflammation of the esophagus;
- burning, belching;
- anemia;
- Difficult to swallow food.
A dangerous complication of pathology is massive bleeding from the veins.The patient has vomiting with blood, hypotension, tachycardia, damaged consciousness.
Varicose
Internal varicose veins forms include uterine varicose veins.The main reasons for changing veins:
- physical activity;
- chronic constipation;
- pregnancy;
- intake of hormonal contraceptives;
- developmental abnormalities;
- Abortion.
Women with varicose veins of the uterus are complaining of lower abdominal pain, menstrual cycle violation.The disease can lead to infertility.
Varicose veins of labia
This type of varicose veins in pregnant women can develop from the second month of pregnancy.The disease develops if there is pelvic thrombosis or has congenital angiodysplasia.
How varicose veins look like:
- enlarged vulva veins;
- Comb on the skin as a result of itching;
- swelling.
The disease is associated with dysuric disorders, exploding in the perineum.The risk is the development of acute thrombophlebitis, a rupture of a damaged vessel.
Varicose veins of a small pelvis
The first signs of varicose veins are the withdrawal of pain in the lower abdomen.There are several possibilities for the course of this form of disease:
- varicose veins and vulva;
- Venous abundance of pelvis.
The clinical manifestations of pathology are observed in 30% of women during pregnancy.The disease is a purely feminine pathology.
Venous abundance is manifested by the following signs:
- severity and pain;
- pain during relationship;
- dysmenorrhea;
- Urinary disorder.
Varicocele
Seed cord varicose in men is called varicocele.The disease leads to a violation of venous outlet from the testicles.Patients complain of pain in the scrotum, erectile dysfunction.When examining the testicles, the expanded surface veins, the asymmetry of the scrotum are visible.The reasons for developing the disease include:
- physical activity;
- congenital deficiency of connective tissue;
- Tumors in retroperitoneal space or pelvis.
With the progress of the pathology, spermatogenesis is concerned, which leads to infertility.The disease can be complicated by bleeding from the affected vessels.
Varicose dermatitis
In addition to the characteristic clinical symptoms of progressive varicose veins, its complication should be noted - stagnant dermatitis.In patients, the skin over the affected veins begins to become thinner and itching.In places of inflammation, dark or light colored spots appear and peel.
Localization of venous dermatitis is the lower leg and ankle joint. With combing, the pathological process applies to healthy tissue.If the problem is ignored, inflammation goes to varicose eczema.
Varicose
Inflammation is stubborn with periods of forgiveness and relapse.Skin lesions are treated severely even after humans.Due to a violation of microcirulation, the liquid part of the blood penetrates the walls of the affected vessels.In the area above the varicose vein, swelling and crying areas appear.
Bubbles filled with serous or serous content occur in the legs.With combing, an infection is inserted into the wound.Union, small bubbles form papules.After opening the vesicles, crusts appear.The healing site is diluted and covered with scales.During the period of irritation, the vesicles occur again.The progression of the pathology leads to the formation of trophic ulcers.
Pain as a sign of the disease
Patients often complain of pain for varicose veins, which is improved by palpation of the affected vessel.In the early stages, the sign manifests slightly.A person feels weakness and attracts pain at the end of the day.In the morning, after rest, the symptoms disappear.In the late stages, pain syndrome occurs at night.
A combination of pain and seizures at night or after prolonged standing is considered a classic manifestation of varicose veins.
Characterization of pain for varicose veins:
- upper region;
- Area of trophilic ulcers;
- Calf muscle.
If an increase in total temperature is joined, this may indicate the onset of the inflammatory process in Vienna - thrombophlebitis.
Vascular stars
Vascular stars are called Telangiocsia.The pathology is manifested by the expansion of small subcutaneous vessels.On the skin it manifests itself in the form of a network of purple or red vessels.The causes of telangiectasias can be not only a lack of venous but also:
- Connective tissue diseases;
- pathologies of the hepatobiliary system;
- the use of hormonal drugs;
- Endocrine diseases.
The vascular network manifests itself in the leg, face or buttocks.The TelemoEctasia is not a special disease, but act as a symptom, representing more a cosmetic defect.
In the face
On the face, the appearance of a capillary mesh is called rosacea.In the event of a violation of the reological properties of blood, with arterial hypertension or digestive system diseases, the negative effects of low temperatures or when you drink alcohol.
In women, the main cause of telangiectasia is hormonal restructuring.The golden standard for eliminating the defect is laser coagulation.
Standing
On the foot, the vascular network appears as a result of venous stagnation.Purple networks often accompany varicose veins.As the diseases of telangiectasia progress, increase.Even after removing the veins, the capillary network remains.Its elimination methods are scleroderma, radio frequency ablation, endovasal laser coagulation.
How to get rid of?
Before getting rid of varicose veins, they are performed by a comprehensive diagnosis.Patients show laboratory methods of blood examination and urine, detection of reflux for subcutaneous veins, functional samples.From instrumental techniques, they are assigned:
- Double ultrasound or triple scan;
- X -Ray contract phlebography;
- Magnetic resonance phlebography;
- Angiography of contrasting multifiral computer.
After determining the rate of varicose veins, the issue of applying treatment methods - surgical surgery or conservative therapy.
Who treats?
If the first symptoms appear, you should contact the clinic in a phlebologist or angiurg. In medical facilities of the district, surgeons are engaged in the disease.It should be understood that the experience and qualifications of those who treat varicose veins play a crucial role in eliminating the problem.Therefore, it is best to contact specialized centers.
What treatment is needed?
With the damage of the lower extremities ships, the following main methods are used:
- Surgery;
- sclerosis therapy;
- Conservative treatment.
In advanced cases, the methods are combined.In chronic venous insufficiency with damage to the vascular valve apparatus and signs of thrombophlebitis, the removal of the veins (phlebectomy) is indicated.Surgical intervention methods with the minimum nature of occupation include:
- Thermal vein ablation: radio frequency, laser, microwave, steam;
- Unertic ablation: chemicals with scler -time and mechanochemical medicines.
To reduce the symptoms of the disease, systemic therapy is prescribed by medication.Patients are prescribed:
- antibiotics in inflammatory processes and trophic ulcers;
- antiseptics;
- phleboprotectors;
- tissue indemnity stimulants;
- anticoagulants;
- topical steroids with trophic ulcers;
- Local use of heparin -containing medicines.
The situation for effective elimination of varicose veins is compression therapy using elastic bandage, golf, tanga.A popular bandage method is a zinc-wewatin bandage for trophic disorders.
What helps better?
Compression preparations and bandages (knitwear clothing) are prescribed only by a physician, taking into account the stage of the disease, its complications, the associated pathologies and the patient's age.Therefore, what helps best with varicose veins should indicate a phlebologist.
It should be understood that treatment only with medication will not eliminate pathology as well as wearing compression knitwear clothing.
Varicose veins are in most cases only eliminated surgically in combination with other methods of therapy.
How to remove itching?
To get rid of itching with varicose veins, you need to know how to remove it.Doctors prescribe moisturizing therapeutic ointments (you can use baby cream).With severe itching and peel of the skin, hormone medicines are prescribed.
They use plants with an anti -inflammatory effect (chamomile, calendula, sage, a series, hop cones).
What is dangerous?
The consequences of varicose veins include phlebitis, trophic ulcers, thrombophlebitis, menstrual violation, erectile dysfunction, infertility.The formation of a thrombus and bleeding from the affected vessels is what varicose veins are dangerous.
Torn blood clothes from the lower extremities in a second fall into a small circle of blood circulation, causing thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery.
With bleeding without urgent medical care, a person loses a lot of blood.All of these complications lead to disability or death without adequate treatment.
conclusions
Varicosis refers to a common pathology.It develops in people with an inherited predisposition with excess static and dynamic loads, as well as with their prolonged absence.
The disease leads to serious complications, so if the first signs occur, it is necessary to contact a phlebologist.
You can only get rid of the problem with an integrated approach.
Patients show surgical methods of treatment, medication, coatings of trikotle compression and lifestyle correction.